What do I need for an IT job?

Getting started in the IT field can seem daunting with the wide variety of jobs, skills, certifications and degrees available. However, at a basic level, most IT jobs require a combination of:

• Technical skills and knowledge in areas like networking, security, databases, programming, etc.
• Soft skills such as communication, problem solving and teamwork
• Relevant work experience such as internships or help desk roles
• IT-related education ranging from certificates to associate’s or bachelor’s degrees

The specific requirements will vary depending on the job, but developing a well-rounded IT skillset is important for most roles. Here’s a more in-depth look at what you need to launch and grow an IT career.

Technical Skills and Knowledge

IT encompasses a vast landscape of technical disciplines and skills. Some common technical areas you’ll need knowledge of include:

• Networking: Understanding how computer networks operate, including networking protocols like TCP/IP, cable types, wireless networking, network hardware like routers and switches, network configuration and troubleshooting.
• Security: Knowledge of cybersecurity threats like malware, phishing and hacking, plus security best practices for data protection, user access controls, encryption, firewalls, antivirus software and more.
• Cloud computing: Familiarity with cloud platforms like Microsoft Azure, AWS, Google Cloud, hybrid cloud architecture, virtualization, cloud-based applications, storage and security considerations.
• Operating systems: Knowing how to install, configure, manage and troubleshoot operating systems like Windows, Linux and macOS.
• IT support: Technical skills for end-user support like diagnosing hardware/software problems, solving connectivity issues, performing setup and upgrades, problem documentation and more.
• Database management: Understanding relational databases, writing SQL queries, database design principles, data security, backup/recovery and database performance optimization.
• Programming and scripting: Writing code using languages like Python, JavaScript, C++, .NET and PowerShell to create programs and automate tasks.

Of course, you don’t need expertise in all these areas. Focus on acquiring in-demand skills for your desired role, such as programming for software and web development jobs or cloud computing for roles in that field. Some jobs will require specialized knowledge, like VoIP telephony for telecom techs.

Hands-on Learning

Don’t just learn concepts—get hands-on with building networks, configuring servers, writing code, securing systems and whatever else you’ll need on the job. Set up a home lab environment, create projects and practice real-world IT skills. This experiential learning helps transform theoretical knowledge into practical skills.

IT Certifications

Getting certified in various IT technologies and skills can give your resume a significant boost. IT certs help validate your skills and show employers you have the required knowledge to perform well in a technical role.

Here are some of the most valuable certifications for landing and advancing an IT career:

• CompTIA A+, Network+, Security+: Widely-recognized entry-level certs for IT support and cybersecurity roles.
• Cisco CCNA: Proves networking technician skills for managing Cisco devices.
• Microsoft Certified Solutions Associate (MCSA): Demonstrates ability to implement and manage Windows Server and cloud platforms.
• Amazon AWS Certified Solutions Architect: Validates AWS cloud skills.
• GIAC Security Certifications: Specialized cybersecurity certs like the GIAC Certified Incident Handler (GCIH).
• ISC2 CISSP: Premier information security certification for management-level roles.
• ITIL: Certifies knowledge of IT service management frameworks.
• Programming Certifications: Language-specific certs like Microsoft .NET Developer or Oracle Java Programmer.

Focus on certified skills that align with your career path. Entry-level and mid-career certs are great, but also plan advanced, role-based certs to keep progressing.

Certification Tips

• Research exams carefully to pick the right certs for your goals.
• Use exam objectives to guide your preparation and studying.
• Gain hands-on experience while studying for cert tests.
• Take advantage of exam vouchers and discounts to save money.

Software and Tools

Proficiency using key software and tools is vital for IT professionals. Employers want techs who can come in and manage systems and resolve issues without extensive training.

While you don’t need to master every platform, being familiar with products from major vendors like Microsoft, VMware, Cisco, Citrix and Red Hat is a huge advantage.

Some common IT software and tools include:

• Virtualization: VMware vSphere, Microsoft Hyper-V, Citrix XenServer
• Collaboration: Microsoft Exchange, SharePoint, Teams, Skype
• Directory Services: Active Directory, LDAP, OpenLDAP
• Operating Systems: Windows Server, Linux, Unix, macOS
• Cloud platforms: Microsoft Azure, AWS, Google Cloud Platform (GCP)
• Monitoring: SolarWinds, PRTG, Nagios, Zabbix
• ITSM: ServiceNow, BMC Remedy, Cherwell, Jira Service Desk
• Automation: PowerShell, Bash, Python, Ansible

Hands-on experience with industry-standard tools is critical when starting out. Virtual labs and cloud-based sandbox environments provide great low-cost options for learning platforms like AWS, Kubernetes and more.

Soft Skills

While tech skills might get you hired, soft skills help you thrive in IT roles. Employers look for candidates who can communicate well, solve problems creatively, collaborate across teams and keep learning.

Here are some of the top soft skills every IT professional needs:

• Communication: Convey technical issues and solutions to both expert and novice users clearly and professionally.
• Teamwork: Work effectively cross-departmentally in IT teams and with non-technical colleagues.
• Problem-solving: Think critically to troubleshoot issues and implement effective solutions.
• Creativity: Apply innovative approaches to overcome technical and business challenges.
• Self-learning: Continuously build knowledge and stay up-to-date on emerging technologies.
• Time management: Prioritize and complete tasks efficiently under pressure.
• Stress tolerance: Keep calm and focused when resolving urgent incidents and outages.

These soft skills complement technical expertise to make you a well-rounded candidate and employee. Consider taking courses or seminars focused on developing soft skills if you need improvement in certain areas.

Formal Education and Degrees

While not always required, having a formal IT education provides a solid foundation of knowledge and helps qualify you for more advanced roles. Typical education options include:

• Associate’s degree: Two-year programs teaching basic IT skills and preparing for entry-level jobs.
• Bachelor’s degree: Four-year degrees expanding IT knowledge with general education courses. Opens upper-level opportunities.
• Master’s degree: Graduate-level education in an IT specialization like cybersecurity or database management.
• Doctorate: Highest academic credential preparing for high-level IT leadership, research or teaching roles.

Many employers accept candidates with non-IT degrees as long as you have the right skills and certifications. However, an IT-specific degree can provide an advantage, especially when seeking management positions. Match your education plans with your long-term career ambitions.

Here is a table comparing common IT-related degrees and sample courses for each:

Online IT Degree Programs

Online degrees allow professionals to advance their education and careers while working. Many accredited schools now offer full online IT programs with flexible scheduling. These provide the same rigorous curriculum as on-campus programs.

With online study, you can:

• Earn a degree from anywhere with an internet connection
• Study on your schedule around work and family demands
• Learn from industry expert instructors
• Collaborate with peers in online forums
• Save money on transportation and housing costs

Just be sure any online school you choose is accredited and dedicated to academic excellence.

Relevant Work Experience

While education and certifications are key, real-world experience is one of the best qualifications for landing an IT job. Internships and entry-level roles let you put classroom concepts into practice while building your resume.

Some ways to gain relevant experience include:

• Internships: Look for paid intern roles at tech companies to get hands-on training.
• Apprenticeships: IT apprenticeship programs offer training sponsored by employers.
• Volunteering: Volunteer for schools, nonprofits, churches etc. to get experience managing systems.
• Support roles: Take campus IT jobs or work at a help desk or computer repair shop.
• Tech events: Attend hackathons and conferences to network and develop projects.

Any experience exposing you to enterprise IT environments and operations will significantly boost your qualifications. Include all relevant work and volunteer experience on your resume.

Highlight Transferable Skills

If you’re changing careers into IT, emphasize any transferable skills from your work history. Customer service, communications, troubleshooting, project coordination and other abilities are highly valued in IT.

Continuous Learning and Growth

Ongoing education and skills development is crucial for thriving in the fast-paced IT industry. Technologies and best practices change rapidly, so you must continually expand your knowledge.

Some tips for staying current and progressing your career:

• Monitor job postings to identify emerging skill needs.
• Get certified in new technologies as they are adopted.
• Read industry publications and blogs to stay updated.
• Attend conferences and webinars to hear the latest trends.
• Join professional associations to build your network and skills.
• Consider a graduate degree in your specialty to advance.
• Learn higher-level skills and move into IT management roles.

Ongoing learning and skill growth allows you to get ahead and open new opportunities over the course of your career.

Conclusion

Launching a rewarding IT career requires developing a well-rounded foundation of technical abilities, soft skills and formal education. Focus first on acquiring in-demand entry-level skills and experience through classes, certifications, internships and support roles.

Never stop learning and growing your capabilities. Adapt to evolving technologies by mastering new systems and skills. With hard work and lifelong dedication to growth, you can build an exciting and stable career in the thriving IT industry.