What is a policy analyst?
A policy analyst is a professional who researches and analyzes policies and programs created by government institutions. Their role is to provide leaders and policymakers with the information and recommendations they need to make thoughtful decisions. Policy analysts conduct research, analyze data, monitor trends, forecast needs, and offer solutions to public policy problems. They help governments understand complex social issues and develop effective policies and programs. Policy analysts work in fields like health care, education, social welfare, transportation, justice, agriculture, defense, and more. Their job is to use their research, analytical, and communication skills to inform public policy and improve government services.
What are the responsibilities of a policy analyst?
The core responsibilities of a policy analyst include:
- Researching social, economic, and political issues
- Collecting and analyzing data like statistics, polls, budgets, and legislation
- Forecasting future trends and needs
- Assessing the costs, benefits, risks, and impacts of policy options
- Consulting with stakeholders like government officials, industry experts, interest groups, and the public
- Preparing reports, briefings, presentations, and recommendations for policymakers
- Implementing and evaluating policies once they are enacted
Policy analysts need strong research, analytical, and communication skills. They must be able to understand complex issues and explain them clearly. Policy analysis requires synthesizing large amounts of information, weighing alternatives, and anticipating outcomes. Analysts often specialize in areas like health, education, welfare, transportation, or other policy fields. Their role is to provide evidence-based, non-partisan policy advice.
What education do you need to become a policy analyst?
The typical education required to become a policy analyst in Canada is:
- Bachelor’s degree – A bachelor’s degree in fields like political science, economics, statistics, public administration, or public policy is generally required. Relevant coursework includes classes in research methods, statistics, economics, Canadian politics, and policy studies.
- Master’s degree (optional) – Many analysts pursue a master’s degree to specialize in a field like public administration, public policy, or economics. A graduate degree can provide additional research and analytical skills.
- PhD (for senior roles) – A doctorate is required for some senior analyst positions, particularly in academia or top think tanks. A PhD trains you in advanced statistical and research methodologies.
- Coursework – Programs include classes in research methods, statistics, microeconomics, public finance, Canadian politics, public administration, and program evaluation.
- Internships – Gaining practical experience through internships in government or policy organizations is very valuable.
When hiring, employers look for candidates with strong critical thinking, research, analytical, and communication abilities. Technical skills in areas like research methods and data analysis are also an asset.
What skills do you need to be a policy analyst?
To succeed as a policy analyst, the following skills and competencies are very important:
- Research skills – You need to be able to thoroughly research policy issues using sources like government databases, academic studies, surveys, focus groups, and interviews with experts.
- Critical thinking – Analysts must think critically about policy problems by carefully evaluating options and weighing their pros and cons.
- Data analysis – Strong quantitative analysis skills are essential. You will synthesize data to identify trends and patterns.
- Communication – Writing reports, briefing notes, and recommendations clearly and effectively is crucial.
- Stakeholder engagement – Policy analysis involves consulting with government officials, stakeholders, experts, and the public through interviews, surveys, and focus groups.
- Objectivity – Analysts must set aside political biases and personal values to provide objective, evidence-based policy advice.
Policy analysts need a combination of hard skills (like research methods, data analysis, writing) as well as soft skills like critical thinking, communication, and collaboration.
Where do policy analysts work in Canada?
Some of the major employers of policy analysts in Canada include:
- Federal government departments and agencies like Finance Canada, the Privy Council Office, Health Canada, and Transport Canada
- Provincial and territorial governments
- Municipal governments
- Think tanks like the Fraser Institute, Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives, and Conference Board of Canada
- Advocacy groups and non-profit organizations
- Consulting firms focused on policy analysis
- Universities and research institutes
- Large companies that work closely with government like banks, telecommunications firms, and associations
Policy analysts who work for government are concentrated in the national capital region of Ottawa, as well as provincial/territorial capitals. Consultants and think tank analysts can be based across the country in major cities. Entry-level policy research jobs are often found in roles like policy advisor, research officer, or junior analyst.
What is the career path and salary outlook for policy analysts?
Here is a typical career path for a policy analyst:
- Entry-level – Start in junior roles as a policy advisor, research officer, associate, or assistant analyst. Typical starting salary range is $40,000 to $60,000.
- Mid-career – Promoted to policy analyst or senior policy analyst after 3-7 years. May specialize in a policy field. Salary range is approximately $65,000 to $85,000.
- Senior – Advance to senior analyst, principal analyst, manager, director over 10+ years. May have staff management duties. Salary range is about $80,000 to $110,000.
- Executive – Reach director general, assistant deputy minister, executive director, VP level after 15-20 years. Salary range is approximately $125,000 to $160,000.
Apart from government, senior analysts may rise to executive roles in think tanks, associations, academic institutes, and consulting firms. The career path often involves specializing in a policy field like health care, transportation, education, economic policy, or social policy. With experience, analysts gain expertise in their domain and often manage junior staff.
Job outlook for policy analysts
According to the Government of Canada Job Bank, the job outlook for policy analysts and consultants in Canada is good over the 2016 to 2026 period. Prospects are strongest in provincial/territorial governments, as well as industry associations and professional organizations with close government ties. The following trends are likely to drive demand for policy analysts:
- Increasing complexity of policy issues like climate change, healthcare costs, technology, global trade, and demographics
- Need for in-depth policy research and data analysis
- Shortage of policy analysts with specialized expertise as many approach retirement
- Focus on evidence-based policy and evaluation of government programs
Overall, the outlook is positive for qualified graduates interested in policy analysis, especially those with specialized knowledge in high-demand fields. There is strong competition for analyst jobs in major cities like Ottawa, Toronto, Edmonton, and Victoria. Candidates with advanced degrees, quantitative skills, and field experience tend to have the best opportunities.
How can you gain experience and prepare for a career as a policy analyst?
Here are some tips for students and new graduates to gain relevant skills and experience for a career in policy analysis:
- Pursue internships with government departments, think tanks, advocacy groups, consulting firms, or policy research institutes
- Volunteer with organizations involved in public policy issues
- Take on a mentor who works in a policy role
- Join groups like the Canadian Evaluation Society or local chapters of the Institute of Public Administration of Canada
- Take courses and training in software like Excel, SPSS, Tableau, ArcGIS, and R for data analysis
- Build a portfolio with policy papers, data analysis samples, research memos, etc.
- Network with policy professionals through conferences, events, informational interviews, and social media
- Get involved with student policy competitions and case studies
- Complete a relevant capstone project, thesis, or dissertation
Gaining work and volunteer experience in the public sector while in school can help you land that first policy job. Continually develop your research, writing, analysis, and technology skills. Networking is also crucial to build connections and learn about job opportunities. With determination and the right preparation, you can launch a meaningful and rewarding career in public policy.
Conclusion
A career as a policy analyst provides the opportunity to engage with complex social issues and have real impact through well-crafted public policy. Though challenging, policy analysis is intellectually stimulating and socially meaningful. With an advanced degree in fields like economics, political science, or public administration, combined with strong analytical and communication skills, you can gain employment with government, think tanks, associations, advocacy groups, and consulting firms. Policy analysts are always in demand at various levels of government. If you are interested in research, public policy, problem-solving, and have strong analytical abilities, then a career as a policy analyst may be very rewarding. With dedication and the right education and experience, you can launch a stimulating career shaping policy and improving lives.